The gut-retina axis: a new perspective in the prevention and treatment of diabetic retinopathy

Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is a microvascular lesion that occurs as complication of diabetes mellitus. Many studies reveal retinal neurodegeneration early in its pathogenesis, and abnormal function can occur patients without any signs abnormalities. The gut microbiota large, diverse colony microorganisms colonize the human intestine. Studies indicated involved pathophysiological processes DR plays an important role development. On one hand, numerous demonstrated involvement neurodegeneration. other alterations bacteria RD cause or exacerbate DR. present review aims to underline critical relationship between After brief overview composition, function, essential ocular health, explores concept gut-retina axis conditions crosstalk. Because dysbiosis has been associated with DR, intends determine changes microbiome hypothesized mechanisms linking axis, predictive potential.